ʻO Tiwanaku


ʻO Tiwanaku (Taniauanaco Spaniards) -ʻo ia paha ka mea kaulana loa, ka meaʻoi loa loa a me kaʻoi loa loa o ka'āinaʻo Bolivia . ʻO Tiwanaku kahi kūlanakauhale kahiko a me ke kikowaena o ka nohona kahiko i noho ma mua o ka moʻoleloʻo Inca. Aia ma kahi kokoke i Lake Titicaca ma kahi o 4,000 mau mika ma mua aʻe o kaʻilikai, i loko o ka 'Oihana o La Paz .

No ka poʻeʻepekema a me nā mea noiʻi, ua lilo ia i mea pohihihi i ka hikiʻana i ka poʻe kahiko, me nā lako kūikawā, ke kūkulu i nā hale o nā pōhaku eʻoi aku ana ma mua o 200 mau kaona, a no ke aha i hāʻule ai kēia loli nui. E manaʻolana kākou i ka manawa e hōʻikeʻia nā mea huna a pau o kēia kūlanakauhale kupaianaha, akā no kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i ka moolelo o kēia maka'āina o Bolivia .

Ke kuhi kahiko o Tiwanaku

Ua ala lōʻihiʻo Tiwanaku ma mua o ka nohoʻana o Inca i ola ai no 27 mau kenekulia, ua hala loa aku ma mua o 1000 makahiki i hala. Ua noho ka moku'āina o Tiwanaku i ka'āina mai ka Lake Titicaca i'Atelika, akā, me kona ikaika,ʻaʻoleʻo Tiwanaku i komo i kekahi kaua, i hōʻoiaʻia e nā hōʻailona nui:ʻaʻohe'ōlelo hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kaua.

ʻO ke kumu o ka moʻomeheu o nā kānaka o Tiwanaku ma Bolivia,ʻo ka hoʻomanaʻana i ka Lā,ʻo kona hua ka poʻe Indiana kahiko i manaʻo i ke gula. Ua hoʻonaniʻia ke gula me nā mau mea i hanaʻia, a uaʻaʻahuʻia ke gula e nā kāhuna, e hōʻike ana i ka pilina me ka Lā. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua haohueʻia nā'āpana gula he nui o ka civilization Tiwanaku i ka wā o ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka'āina Spanish, hoʻoheheʻeʻia a kūʻaiʻia paha i ka mākaʻileʻeleʻele. Nui nā mea gula i kēia manawa keʻikeʻia i loko o nā koina pono'ī.

ʻO Economy of Tiwanaku

Ua kūkuluʻia ka hoʻolālā o kēia moku'āina ma 200 hecta o ka'āina, ua hānai nā meaʻai iā lākou iho, e hana i ka mahiʻai. No ka loaʻaʻana o nā mea maikaʻi i loko o ke kino maikaʻi, kūkuluʻia ka mounds a me ka'ōnaehana waiwai maʻaneʻi, uaʻikeʻiaʻo ia ka pūnaehana agro-nui o ka honua kahiko. Ma ke ala, ua ola kēia pūnaewele a hiki i kēia lā.

Ma waho aʻe o ka mahiʻai, ua hana nā kānaka kahiko o Tiwanaku i Bolivia i ka hanaʻana i nā huahana iʻikeʻia i loko o ka hale kūʻai o ka mokupuniʻo Pariti. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua loaʻa iā mākou he wahi liʻiliʻi o nā moku iʻa, no ka mea, ua hoʻokomoʻia kā lākou hana i loko o nā mea laʻa.

Nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale o Tianwuaco

ʻAʻole nā ​​hale a pau i kau i ka hōʻoia o ka manawa, akā hiki ke nānāʻia kekahi mau hale i kēia mau lā:

  1. "Hangman Inca" - no ka mea, he mea kilokilo kilokilo,ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana me ka wahi o ka palapala ohi, a emiʻole ka Incas. Ua kūkuluʻia kahi mākaʻikaʻi ma mua aʻe o 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku, a ma loko o kona mau paia i kūkuluʻia nā wanana o ka ua, nā wāʻoihana mahiʻai, nā lā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela equinox. Ua weheʻia ka Hangman o nā Incas i ka makahiki 1978.
  2. ʻO ka Halepuleʻo Kalasasaya kekahi o nā hale nui loa ma Tiaunako. ʻO nā paia o ka hale ua kūkuluʻia e nā pōhaku nunui i loaʻa ka pali i waenakonu. Hōʻike kēia i nā poʻe akamai o kēlā manawa heʻoihana kūikawā kūikawā, hiki iā lākou ke helu i ke kaumaha kūpono o ka paepae a me ke kēkelē i makemakeʻia no keʻanoʻole. He wahi mana o ka luakini - he puka i loko o keʻano o ka pepeiao e hiki ai i ka poʻe lohe ke lohe i nā poʻe e kamaʻilio ana ma kahi lōʻihi e kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi.
  3. ʻO ka puka o ka lā kahi o ka Halepuleʻo Kalasasaya aʻo ka inoa kaulana loa o ka civilization Tiwanaku, ka mea i hoʻoholoʻoleʻia ai ke kumu. Ua hoʻonaniʻia ka papa o ka pōhaku me nā kiʻi kiʻi,ʻo ke poʻo o ka'īpuka e kāhikoʻia e ka lā lā me nā'āpanaʻelua ma kona mau lima. Aia ma lalo o ka puka he 12 mau mahina, e pili ana i ka papa manawa hou.
  4. ʻO ka pyramid o Akapana ka hale o ke akua Pachamama (Mother Earth). ʻO ka pyramid he 7 mau kūlana, ke kiʻekiʻe o ia mea a hiki i 200 m. Ma ka hope o ka pyramid he mea hoʻomanaʻo ma keʻano o kahi kīʻaha, kahi i aʻo ai nā poʻeʻAmelika kahiko i ka astronomy, ua heluʻia nā hōkū. Aia i loko o ka pā pōhaku he mau kahala lepo, kahi e kahe ai ka wai mai ka piko o Mount Akapan.
  5. Nā kiʻi. Ua hoʻonaniʻia ka'āina o Tiwanaku e nā kiʻi nui o nā kānaka. Ua kālaiʻia lākou mai kahi monolith a ua uhiʻia me nā hōʻailona likeʻole e hōʻike ana i nā moʻolelo likeʻole mai ke ola o ka noho kahiko o Tiwanaku.

ʻOhana Tiwanako

A hiki i kēia lā, he mea hilahila ia i ka hanaʻana o nā Tiwanako Indians kahiko i ka pōhaku kahi i kūkuluʻia ai nā mea nui o Tiwanaku ma Bolivia a me ka hoʻopukaʻana aku iā lākou mai kahi kūpono mai 80 km mai ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ke kahua kūkulu. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā kānakaʻepekema e hoʻohuli wale i hoʻokahi mea:ʻo nā mea kākau o ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Tiwanaku i Bolivia ua loaʻa kaʻike nui a me kaʻike nui, no ka mea, i ko mākou manawa, ua aneane hikiʻole ke halihaliʻana i kēlā mau pōhaku nui.

Ka mālamalama o ka lālani Tiwanaku

Wahi a ka poʻeʻepekema,ʻo ka emiʻana o ka lāhui Tiwanaku i loaʻa ma muli o ka loli o ke aniau: maʻAmelika Hema no hoʻokahi haneli haneli,ʻaʻole i hāʻule hoʻokahi kenimika o ke kuʻiʻana,ʻaʻoheʻike a me kaʻenehana i kōkua i ka hoʻopakeleʻana i ka mea kanu. Ua haʻalele nā ​​kānaka i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Tiaunako, e hūnā ana i nā kauhale mauna mauna, a me ka hoʻomanaha nui i hala no nā kenekulia he 27, ua pau loa ia. Eia kekahi manaʻo hou: ua nalowale ka nohona o Tiwanaku no ka hopena o kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe, keʻikeʻoleʻia konaʻano.

Pehea e hiki ai i Tiwanaku?

Hiki iāʻoe ke hele aku i nā'ānai mai La Paz ma ke kaʻa pahi (ʻo ka uku o ka hele he 15 bolivars) aiʻole ma keʻano he hui o nā huakaʻi hele (i kēia manawa, e lilo ke kumukūʻai o ka huakaʻi a me nā huakaʻi he 80 bolivars). I ke komoʻana i ka moku o Tiwanako, ukuʻia ia 80 mau bolivars.