Nā Malumalu o Indonesia

ʻO Indonesia - ka moku'āina nui loa, ua holoiʻia nā kahawai e nā wai o nā moana moana a me ka moana Pākīpika. Maanei, ka nui o nā meaola a me ka waiwai waiwai, a me nā hale kūikawā o Indonesia -ʻo ia kekahi kumu e hele mai ai i kēia'āina.

Nui nā hale pule i Inenonesia: nā halepule, nā pupule, nā hale pule, nā hale pule, a me nā hale pule hoʻomana. Aia ma waena o lākou nā luakini e kū nei a ua paniʻia a palekanaʻia, ka mea i kēia manawaʻaʻole kahi hoʻomana wale nō, akā, he hale hoʻomanaʻo a me ka moʻolelo hoʻomanaʻo. Ma o ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā inoa, nā luakini i Indonesia ka Katolika, Buddhist a me Hindu.

Ka Papa Katolika o Indonesia

Uaʻike kokeʻia ka Katolika ma Indonesia. Ma kahi o 100-150 mau makahiki i hala, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe noho ma Europa e kūʻai'āina a kūkulu i nā kula Katolika, nā seminena a me nā hale pule. He mea kūpono ke kuhikuhiʻana i nā ekalesia Katolika ma Indonesia:

1. Halepuleʻo St. Peter ma Bandung , ka hale pule o ka diocese o Bandung. Ke kū nei ka luakini ma ke kahua o ka hale kahiko o ka halepule o St. Francis. Ua kūkuluʻia ka halepule e like me ka papahana a ka mea kākau na Holland Charles Wolff Shemaker. Ua hoʻolaʻaʻia ka hale hou i ka lā 19 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1922.
2. Ua kapaʻia ka Hale Pule Nui o Malia Malia Wahine Pōmaikaʻi i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Bogor , ka hale pule o ka diocese,ʻo ia ka luakini nui loa ma ka mokuʻo Java. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka halepuleʻo ia ka bishop o Netherlands,ʻo Adam Carolus Klassens. Ua hoʻonaniʻia ke kūlana o ka hale me kekahi kiʻi o Madonna a me ke keiki.
3. Halepuleʻo Malia Wahine Wahine i alohaʻia ma ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Semarang , ka hale pule o ka dioiose o Semarang. Aia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā loina moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi o Indonesia. Ua kūkuluʻia ka luakini ma kahi kahua o ka halepule kahiko ma ka makahiki 1935.

Nā Hindu Temples o Indonesia

E like me nā wahi'ē aʻe o ka honua nei, ua pīhoihoi nā luakini o Hindu ma nā mokupuni o Indonesia me ko lākouʻano nani a nani. ʻO nā mea o kēia mau mea e pili nei i ka hoʻokipa Hindu e mahalo nuiʻia me nā malihini a me nā mea mākaʻikaʻi:

1. ʻO Garuda Vishnu Kenchana kahi pali kūʻokoʻa o Bukit Peninsula, kahi e nānā aku ai i ke kiʻi nui loa o ke akuaʻo Vishnu i ka honua - 146 m.ʻAʻole i hōʻuluʻuluʻia ke kāhumu'ōpili , akā uaʻae nei i ka nui o nā mea i manaʻoʻiʻo. I ka papa, hoʻokaʻawale i ke poʻo, nā lima a me ke kiʻi o Vishnu i mua o ka hālāwai.
2. ʻO Gedong Songo - he hale kapu nui, aia ma waenakonu o ka mokupuniʻo Java . Aia ma loko o ka pā kula 5 mau malumalu. Ua kūkuluʻia ia i ka VIII-IX makahiki BC. i ka wa o ke aupuni o Matarama. Ua kūkuluʻia nā hale a pau ma ka pōhaku pele aʻo kaʻoihana Hindu mua loa ia ma ka mokuʻo Java. Ua hoʻolālāʻia ka luakini 3 ma ka pā kula me nā kiʻi o nā kiaʻi.
3. Chandi - ka mea i kapaʻia he mau luakini mua o Hinduism a me Buddhism, i kūkuluʻia ma waena o nā kauwela o Indonesia. Nānā nā kānaka'anakalāʻau i kekahi o nā papa hana hoʻohui o nā pūkuniahi o ke kūkuluʻana i nāʻenelani'Ālika a me nāʻano o nā kuʻuna kahiko. ʻO nā hale a pau he mauʻaoʻao kūpono, kūhāhā a me nā hale likeʻole me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka uhi i nā'āpana maha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona loa loa nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Dieng a me Borobudur . ʻO kēlā hale kēia hale he luakini a he lua kupapau o nā aliʻi kahiko.
4. ʻO ka Prambanan kekahi mahele nui o nā luakini o Chandi, e pili ana i ka wā kahiko. Aiaʻo Prabmanan ma ka puʻu o ka mokupuniʻo Java. E hanaʻia paha i ka seneturi 10 ma ka moku'āina o Mataram. Mai ka makahiki 1991 he UNESCO Heritage Site. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kūkuluʻia ka'ōpili a pau o nā luakini no ke alohaʻoleʻia e like me ka luakini me nā kiʻi he 1000.
5. Besakih - he halepule hoʻokipa, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1 km ma luna o kaʻilikai i nā ao. ʻO nā makahiki o ka luakini iʻoi aku ma mua o 3,000 mau makahiki,ʻo ka pahu i loko o nā luakini he 20 a me nā inoa likeʻole. Ua hoʻonaniʻia ka'āina o ka pāʻani me nā kiʻi nui e hōʻike ana i nā daimonio a me nā akua. Nui ka luakini,ʻo Hindu wale nō ka mea e komo.

Nā Buddhist Malumalu o Indonesia

ʻO nā luakini nani a me nā hale pule Buddhist kahiko kaʻoihana nui loa ma ka'āina o Indonesia. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā kānakaʻepekema a me nā poʻe kikaʻikaʻi he:

1. He kāpena Buddhist nuiʻo Borobudur a me kahi complex temple complex of the tradition of Mahayana Buddhism. Ua kūkuluʻia ma ka mokupuniʻo Java ma waena o 750 a me 850, he wahi kahi pilikino nui o Borobudur. He 8 mauʻaoʻao. Aia ma luna he 72 mau pupule liʻiliʻi e like me ke bele, ma loko he 504 mau Buddha a me 1460 bas-reliefs. Uaʻikeʻia ka luakini i loko o ka ulu lāʻau ma lalo o nā'āpana o ka lehu pele i ka makahiki 1814. Ma kēiaʻano, ua kūʻo ia ma kahi o 800 mau makahiki.
2. ʻO ka luakini kahiko o Muaro Jambi kahi i hoʻonohoʻia ma ka mokupuniʻo Sumatra . E hanaʻia paha i ka XI-XIII mau makahiki AD. He wahi ia o ka nui o nā kohu o nā koʻa. Ua manaʻoʻiaʻo kaʻoi aku ka nui loa o nā hale pule Buddhist ola mau ma nā wahi a pau o Asia Hikina. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka luakini aia nō i loko o ka ulu mānoanoa. Ua kūkuluʻia ka pāʻina e ka pōhakuʻulaʻula, i hoʻonaniʻia me nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kālai.
3. ʻO Muara Takus ka luakini Buddha kekahi o nā luakini kahiko a nui i mālamaʻia ma ka mokupuniʻo Sumatra. He monument'āina ia a me ka waenakonu o nā kiʻi nui mai ka makahiki 1860. Hoʻopuniʻia ka pāpuni a puni e kekahi pā pōhaku me nā pale. Aia i loko o nā paia o ka luakini he 4 mau pupuhi Buddha. Hanaʻia nāʻanuʻu aʻelua mauʻano o nā mea: he pōhakuʻulaʻula a he kahakai.
4. ʻO BrahmaviharaʻO Arama ka luakini nui loaʻo Buddhist ma ka mokuʻo Bali . He hana, i kūkuluʻia i ka makahiki 1969. Kūkuluʻia ka hale e like me nāʻano kuʻuna a pau o ka Buddhism: ka nani o ka hale, nā pua nani a me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo, nā kiʻi gula o Buddha, nā hale kalani.