ʻOi ka waiwai a me keʻano likeʻole, e like me keʻikeʻiaʻana ma ke kipaʻana i nā kihi o ko mākou'āina nui a iʻole ka heleʻana i nā moku'āina'ē aʻe. He meaʻono e nānā i kahi hui kūikawā o nā mea kanu, ka mea likeʻole i kēlā mau mea kanu iʻikeʻia e mākou i kēlā me kēia lā - mau laikini. ʻO kēia ka manawa likeʻole i ka nui o nāʻano, a ma ka manawa hoʻokahi,ʻaʻole hiki ke kapaʻia kona mauʻelele he ubiquitous. No laila, e noʻonoʻo kahi i kahi e ulu ai nā kapu.
Ma hea kahi ulu?
Ua kapaʻiaʻo Lichens he hui o nā meaola ola,ʻo ia ka huiʻana o nā haʻiki me nā algae e ola nei me heʻano hoʻokahi. Ma keʻano, aia he 26 mau mano o ko lākouʻano, a penei eʻikeʻia ai kēia mau mea:
- ʻO ka Epilithic, e ulu ana ma nā pali pōhaku;
- 'ōpene, ko lākou wahi noho -'āina (e like me ka molo Icelandic );
- epiphytic, uhi i nā kumu lāʻau.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā laikini i nā wahi a pau i loko o nā mea ulu - ke ulu nei lākou ma nā'āina a pau, me ka haʻaleleʻana i ka Antarctica. Ma keʻano hoʻopīhoihoi, ma nā'āina pāpū o ka Arctic expanses, uaʻikeʻia kēiaʻanoʻano likeʻole. ʻO kēia kahi kahi e ulu ai ka lulaʻeleʻele. He mau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kokokeʻole i ka wai, akāʻo kēlāʻanoʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele e kōkua i ke kino e hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o ka lā ma ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAi, ua lawe ka meaʻeleʻele i ka wai mai ka hau i hoʻoheheʻe i ka lā. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua mau ka lichens i nā meaʻepekema. I kaʻoiaʻiʻo, a hiki i kēia wā ma kaʻikeʻepekema,ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka mea he laikini - he hōʻailona o ke aupuni o nā halo aʻo ke aupuni o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka lālā ulu, kahi e ulu ai nā'ōpena lichens,ʻo ka mea mua, nā pōhaku āpau, nā lāʻau a me ka lepo. Eia kekahi, licendan lichen i nāʻano koʻikoʻi o ka North, i ke taiga, nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, a ma nā wahi wela o nā'āina wela. ʻOiaiʻo ia he moʻomeheu maikaʻiʻole, ua hoʻokipa ke kahuna i nā mauna a me nā'āinaʻilihune. I kēia'āpana, hiki i nā laikini, eʻoki hope ana i ka papa o luna o ka lepo pōhaku, me ka make o ka humus kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā mea kanu. Ma ke ala, ulu nui nā liʻiliʻi i ka laulā, e like me keʻano o ka uluʻana o ka waigel he 2-3 mm wale nō ka makahiki.
I kēiaʻano,ʻaʻole hiki ke kāheaʻia kahi o nā laikini me ka maopopo o nā wahi i hoʻonuiʻia i ka'āina, i keʻano me kaʻoihanaʻoihana. ʻO nā kumu e uluʻole ai nā lichens ma nā kūlanakauhale. Ua haumia ka ea ma nā kūlanakauhale, heʻano'āponoʻole ia. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka hapanui o nāʻelele o ka laikini, he kūlana nui no ka nui o ka oxygen ma ka lewa. Akāʻaʻole kēia i keʻano o ka loaʻaʻole o lichens i ke kaona kaiāulu. ʻAʻole lākou ulu i nā wahiʻoihanaʻoihana, a ma waho o ka mea e hiki ai keʻike i nā kumu lāʻau kahi i uhiʻia e nā meaʻelele o kēiaʻano ola.
He aha ka laikini e ulu ai i Rusia?
Nui nā lālā lichens e ulu ana ma ka'āina nui o ka Russian Federation. Ma nā ululāʻau, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i nā pale kiʻi hina o ke kanaka manuahi e iho mai ana i loko o ka lālā. I ka wā e hele ai i kahi ulu lāʻau pine,ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ka loaʻaʻana o nā kolekana holoʻokoʻa ma keʻano o ka wāwae ma lalo o nā kapuaʻi o nā moe moe hoʻolālā.
I kekahi manawa i nā pōhaku ma kahi kokoke i nā māhele o ka'āina, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kahi hamoʻeleʻele-hina. Ua hanaʻia ia e nā kapa laka i kapaʻia.
Ma keʻano, aia kekahi lau i kahiʻia (e like me keʻano, xanthra wall), e hana i kekahiʻanoʻano ulana o nā papa. ʻAʻole lākou i uhi wale i nā pōhaku wale nō, akā, i nā lālā hoʻi, nā lālā.