No nā kenekulia hikiʻole i ko mākou mau kūpuna ke wānana i keʻano o kāna keiki. Noho mākou meʻoe i ka manawa, mahalo i ka hoʻomōhalaʻana i kaʻepekema,ʻaʻole i maʻalahi kaʻike mua i ke kāne, ka lauoho o ka lauoho a me nā maka, ke kuhiʻia i nā maʻi a me nāʻano'ē aʻe o ka pēpē e hiki mai ana. Ua lilo i mea hiki keʻike i keʻano o ke koko o ke keiki.
I ka makahiki 1901, uaʻikeʻia ke kauka o Austrian, chemist, immunologist, ke kahuna lapaʻauʻo Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) ke ola o nā hui kokoʻehā. I kaʻikeʻana i keʻano o nā erythrocytes, uaʻikeʻo ia i nā mea hanana kūikawāʻelua o nāʻanoʻelua,ʻo ia ka inoaʻo A a me B. Uaʻikeʻia i loko o ke koko o nā poʻe'ē aʻe he mau'āpanaʻaia kēia i nā hui likeʻole: , ke kolu - nā'āpanaʻelua, ka hapahā -ʻaʻole lākou (ʻo nā kele kokoʻeleʻele o ia mau kānakaʻepekema i kapaʻia he 0). No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā hui kokoʻehā, a ua kapaʻia ka pūnaha papahele koko ma ka inoa AB0 (heluhelu i ka "a-be-nol"):
- I (0) - me kaʻaʻaiʻole A a me B;
- II (A) - antigens A;
- III (AB) - nā'ālika B;
- IV (AB) - nā'āpana A a me B.
Ke hoʻohana nei kēia pūnaewele a hiki i kēia lā, aʻo kaʻikea e nā meaʻepekema e pili ana i nā hui koko (me kekahi mau hui pūʻulaʻula o ke koko, he "hue" o nā pūpū koko uila a me ke koko wikiwiki, a ma nā mea'ē aʻe - no)ʻaeʻia e hana i ke kaʻina hana, e like me ke kaheʻana o ke koko.
Pehea wau eʻike ai i keʻano koko o ke pēpē?
Ua hoʻokumu ka poʻeʻepekemaʻepekema i ka'āina a me nāʻano'ē aʻe i hoʻoiliʻia e nā kānāwai like -ʻo nā kānāwai o Mendel (i kapaʻia ma muli o ke kāpena o Austrian Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), ma ka waena o XIX i hoʻopaʻaʻia nā kānāwai o ka hoʻoilina). Mahalo i kēia mau mea i loaʻa ai, ua hiki ke helu i kahi o nā koko i hoʻoiliʻia e ke keiki. Wahi a ke kānāwai o Mendel, hiki ke hōʻikeʻia nāʻano likeʻole o ka hoʻoilina o kahi hui koko e kahi keiki:
Mai ka pākaukau ma luna aʻe nei he maopopo loa hikiʻole ke hoʻoholo me ka pololei loa, nona ke koko i hoʻoiliʻia e ke keiki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou keʻaʻa wiwoʻole e pili i keʻano o nā koko e ponoʻole i ke keiki ke loaʻa kahi makuahine a makua kāne. ʻO kaʻaeʻole i nā rula ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo "Bombay phenomenon". ʻO ka mea nui loa (ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā Indians) aia kahiʻano o kahi kanaka i loko o nā genes he mau'āpana A a me B, akāʻaʻoleʻo ia iho i ke koko i loko o kona koko. I kēia hihia, hikiʻole ke hoʻoholo i ke koko o kahi keiki i hānauʻoleʻia.
ʻO ke koko a me ka helu Rh o ka makuahine a me ke keiki
Ke hāʻawiʻia kāu keiki i kahi hōʻoia koko, ua kākauʻia ka hopenaʻo "I (0) Rh-", "III (B) Rh +", kahi o Rh ka helu Rh.
ʻO ka helu Rh, he lipoprotein, ka mea i loko o nā kila koko uila ma 85% o nā kānaka (ua manaʻoʻia he maikaʻi Rh). No laila, he 15% o nā kānaka ke koko kūponoʻole. Hāʻawiʻia ka helu Rhula i nā mea a pau e like me nā kānāwai likeʻole o Mendel. ʻO kaʻikeʻana iā lākou, he maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo ke hiki keʻike maʻalahiʻia kahi keiki me ke koko Rh-pili i nā mākua Rh-kūpono.
He mea weliweli ia no ke keiki e like me ka Rh-conflict. Hiki ke loaʻa inā, no kekahi kumu, ua komo nā kinikopaʻulaʻula Rh-positive o ka'ōpū i ke kino o ka makuahine Rh-negative. Hoʻomaka ka kino o ka makuahine e hana i nā mea'epikopoko, aʻo ia hoʻi, e komo i loko o ke koko o ke keiki, e hōʻeha i ka maʻi hemolytic o ka'ōpū. ʻO nā wāhine hānai he mau'epikopoko i loko o ko lākou koko a hiki i ka hānauʻana.
Hikiʻole nā'ōpiopio o nā'ōpiopio a me ke keiki, akā, hiki paha ke paʻakikī: i ka wā o ka'ōpiopio he hui IV; a i ka manawa o ka hui I a III paha ka hui a ma ka pūʻulu fetio II; i ka makuahine I a i 'ole II a me ka puʻupuʻu III. ʻOi ka nui o ka paʻakikīʻana inā he likeʻole nāʻano koko o ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne. ʻO ke kumuʻole keʻano koko mua o ka makua.